All-electric cars:
The not-so-green alternative
By Bill Freeland / The Rag Blog / September 30, 2010
Conventional wisdom has just assumed electric cars are clean because there’s no tailpipe. So the focus has only been on convenience and cost. We need to go back to square one and ask: what’s the point, since they’re no cleaner than what we already have — plus they have a short range and long recharge times.
With new all-electric vehicles (EV’s to the trade) soon coming to market, there’s a drumbeat building that proclaims them the next stage of the green revolution. They promise a convenient, cost-effective and clean alternative to the gas guzzlers we’ve been hoping to replace for years.
The only problem: the data so far show that none of this is true. Most surprising, going electric is at least as bad for the environment as staying with the fuel-efficient, gas-powered cars on the road today.
This is not the conclusion one would expect, given the hype.
Let’s start with the first two “benefits”:
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) lists one EV model currently available and eight more “coming soon.” Four others are promised by 2013. In terms of driving range, DOE reports these cars go only “about 100–200 miles” on each charge. And recharging the battery pack can take “4 to 8 hours.” Hardly convenient.
And the initial cost? Of those with prices available, DOE finds the average base sticker price will be $43,600. Not exactly cheap.
And then there’s the upkeep — particularly replacement batteries.
Replacements for the Tesla Roadster, the only EV model now available (for $109,000!), for example, cost around $36,000. Tesla, however, offers the option to pre-order them now (for $12,000) for delivery in seven years, the time the originals are predicted to wear out.
Still, there are likely to be some who will be willing to accept these limitations for the greater good of the planet. But even that is more than these cars can deliver.
Here’s the reason: Whether you’re getting your “juice” from a pump or a plug, that energy is produced from fossil fuels — either at an oil refinery or a coal-fired electric power plant. So either way, cars pollute. The difference is whether the emissions are discharged locally from your tailpipe or somewhere else by a electric generating facility.
To understand why, imagine you’re making a trip of 30 miles. In today’s typical fuel-efficient car, that takes about one gallon of gas, which according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), produces 19.4 pounds of CO2.
Now consider the EV alternative. Their power consumption is measured, not in gallons of gas, but kilowatt-hours of electricity. To drive the same distance in the EVs now under development will take an average 10.6 kilowatt-hours of electricity. And according to the EPA, generating that much power results in 21.5 pounds of CO2 — which is two pounds more than burning a gallon of gas!
So bottom line: there’s no free ride for any automotive technology based on fossil fuels.
Future advances in EV technology could increase battery performance. And mass production could bring down the sticker price. But gas-powered cars that get 40 miles per gallon are also on the horizon. And nothing is likely to surpass their driving range.
So EVs are likely to be only a “second car” at best. Which means the jury is still out on whether EVs will ever make sense.
But for now, if you’re considering electric transportation, you’re limited by driving range, recharge times and higher sticker prices — and overall the planet is still worse off!
So, sadly for the environment, while all-electric cars are the new thing, they aren’t any better than what we have now.
I think the whole point with the Electric Car technology is to be simultaneously ramping up to solar for the generation of electricity in the near term.
Although I am a Green Choice Austin Energy subscriber to avoid smoekstack emissions it is worth mnotning The Union of Concerned Scientists seem to diagree with the article completely:
“Pollution. Battery-electric vehicles do not produce any tailpipe emissions. However, many BEVs recharge using electricity generated at power plants that emit global-warming and smog-forming pollutants. When BEVs are recharged using renewable energy sources like wind, solar, or hydropower, they do not cause any air pollution at all. Notably, even if BEVs are recharged with electricity from power plants that use fossil fuels, they are up to 99 percent cleaner than conventional vehicles and can cut global warming emissions by as much as 70 percent.”
Another point of view from the part of the blogosphere specializing in energy issues shows more reasoning and math that supports EV use as cleaner;
http://energy.typepad.com/the-energy-blog/2010/04/greenhouse-gas-emissions-electric-vs-gasoline-cars.html
Wikipedia’s Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) entries all point toward the superiority of BEV big picture emmssions superiority. But yes shorter range, longer recharge, higher price ralative to the gas equivalent car perhaps even in spite of lower maintenance and fuel costs. Maybe not the choice of people too broke to pay attention. But given the MIT study* predicting 22 million premature deaths predicted by 2050 from continued trends in ground level ozone ignoring global warming’s impact and the oil wars – worth it to some.
*Noelle Selin, PhD of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Tesla speaks about their nontoxic battery packs here http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/mythbusters-part-3-recycling-our-non-toxic-battery-packs.
It seems the benefits of the growing market of people willing to face change, even demand and pay for it embrace a broad environmental view dealing with product life cycle management, global climate change, air and water polution.
I’ve always wondered why they didn’t just incorporate solar panels into e-car designs. I mean, regenerative brakes became a default technology, and although it was a nifty idea the energy capture versus the extra cost and complexity never seemed to me to be worth it; you have to cut both initial cost and repair cost to make electric viable and this regenerative brake thing seems an overly expensive gimmick.
But solar … proven technology. Even though it would only augment recharging, it would certainly reduce a fair percentage of the dependence on plugging in and would extend range. Sunny places like Austin would be a boon and people would compete for the sunny spots in the parking lot, not the shady spots.
I am sure this information is available elsewhere, but we are here now. What is the availability of “lithium metal oxides” worldwide, and what happens to the residuals at the batteries’ lives? The Tesla link did not go into this; in fact it made it sound like “no problem.”
Thanks, Terry